Here's from the bowlingchat wiki
Definition 3: Center of Gravity is not entirely accurate, the CG is typically a heavy spot on the ball for balancing purposes, the manufacturers place additional weight (known as top weight) to account for drilling, the punch mark approximates the spot where the ball when placed in a salt water solution "balances" itself, this is an approximation by the ball manufacturers as the "heavy spot" is down in the solution and the employee marking the ball has to measure 180* away from where they actually see it. The only true way to find this true zero zero point is to utilize a dodo scale.
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Also here's
Ball Construction and Dynamics,
Center of Gravity (CG)
The addition of the internal weight block will create an uneven distribution of weight in the ball. This imbalance will result in a portion of the ball being heavier. Identifying the heaviest portion of the ball is the first step in being able to effectively use this imbalance.
Center of Gravity (CG)
Since a portion of the ball is heavier than the rest, logic would dictate that gravity will pull the heaviest side of the ball down to the bottom of the ball. With the heaviest portion now located at the bottom of the ball – the ball is completely at rest. The axis running from the point touching the ground through the top of the ball is known as the center of gravity (CG). The whole mass of the bowling ball is concentrated around this axis.
An easy way of understanding the concept of CG is using a top as an example. A top is an unbalanced object with one part being heavier then the other. When putting the top into motion, it will eventually spin or rotate around a fixed or central axis. This point or axis (where the weight of the object is evenly distributed) is the CG.
Some ball manufacturers will determine and identify the CG on the ball by putting a punch mark into the ball. This mark is usually located somewhere within the label of the ball.
Pin-in and Pin-out
The terms “pin-in” and “pin-out” are used to describe the relationship between the location of the pin and the CG.
A ball is classifed as a pin-in when the pin is located within two inches of the CG of the bowling ball.
A ball is considered pin-out when the pin is greater than two inches away from that CG.
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