Before I start, let me state that this is an over-simplification to help you to understand what is happening as your ball goes down the lane.
The ball goes through five phases as it makes it's way down the lane: slide, hook, hook-out, roll, and roll-out. The ball is at its maximum energy as it gets into the roll phase, and starts to lose energy as it begins to roll out. Conversely, the ball must stop hooking before it can roll, so if it is still hooking when it gets to the pins, it has not yet achieved its maximum energy. It's your job to make sure that the ball gets to that all-important roll phase at just the right time for maximum energy transfer to the pins. The factors that are involved are the speed at which you throw your shot, the relationship between your speed and rev rate, the friction created between the surface of the ball and the surface of the lane, and the amount of resistance supplied by the core of the ball to hinder or encourage the ball to get into the roll phase.
The complexity of this seemingly simple process is the reason that ratings for dry, medium, and heavy oil conditions are so often misleading. A house condition that uses a heavy volume of oil, may concentrate that volume in the middle, leaving the outside part of the lane with a lot of friction. If you play the outside part of the lane with a ball that is too aggressive, the ball will roll out and lose energy. If you play the inside part of the lane with a ball that is not aggressive enough, the ball may never get into the roll phase and rob you of maximum energy that way. The most important things that you can do to improve your ball reaction, are to start to identify the three main phases (slide, hook, and roll), and watch your ball as it exits the pin deck to determine whether it is hitting with maximum energy (ball exits between the eight pin and the nine pin), losing energy (ball exits toward the outside part of the lane - toward the nine pin for a right-handed bowler), or not reaching maximum energy (ball exits toward the eight pin for a right-handed bowler).
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